Klein, KO, Larmore, KA, de Lancey, E, Brown, JM, Considine, RV, Hassink, SG. Obesity and growth during childhood and puberty. Bone age and onset of puberty in normal boys. Assessment of skeletal maturity of the hand‐wrist and knee: a comparison among methods. Acta Paediatr Scand 1987 76:478–88.Īicardi, G, Vignolo, M, Milani, S, Naselli, A, Magliano, P, Garzia, P. Analysis of linear growth using a mathematical model: I. By using the BoneXpert automatic software, we established bone age. In girls, the mean TW3 bone ages vs mean chronological ages were delayed for ages 4 to 12, and advanced for ages 3 and 13 to 14. Karlberg, J, Engström, I, Karlberg, P, Fryer, JG. In boys, the mean TW3 bone ages vs mean chronological ages were delayed for ages 5 to 10 except age 8, and advanced for ages 3 to 4, 8, and 11 to 15. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. Tanner Whitehouse body mass index bone age height age puberty. HA, BA and CA were tightly correlated in healthy Indian children with a significant role of nutritional status and puberty in causing variation in the same. After the onset of puberty, there was higher increment in BA in girls and HA in boys (p<0.05). The mean BA z-score increased with increasing BMI. HA was more delayed in girls while BA was more delayed in boys. The mean age and gender standardized z-scores for height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and BA were -0.3 ± 0.7, -0.7 ± 0.8, -0.1 ± 1.0, and -0.2 ± 0.9 respectively. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Anthropometric measurements and pubertal assessments were performed using standard protocols and were converted to age and sex standardized z-scores using Indian references while BA was estimated by Tanner-Whitehouse (TW3) method. This cross-sectional study included 804 preschool/school-going Indian children. To study if in 2-17 year old healthy children, the difference between chronological age (CA), height age (HA) and BA is less than 1 year on either side of the chronological age and to assess relationship of BA with height, weight and BMI with special reference to gender and puberty. For the entire cohort, mean skeletal age was significantly greater than chronological age (mean 0.80 years, P < 0.01). In countries like India where there is rapid nutrition transition and increase in prevalence of obesity, their impact on height and BA is not well understood. The role of puberty in variations in BA is poorly understood as hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis maturation and skeletal maturation are regulated in parallel but independently by multiple different factors. Bone age (BA) is a quantitative determination of skeletal maturation.
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